Financial Education

Creating a budget may sound complicated, but all you need to do to get started is set aside some time and get organized—the benefits will make the effort worthwhile.

Studentaid.gov provides a Money Management Checklist for students to act as a guide when creating a budget. By following these steps, you will be able to set up your budget and manage your finances as well as track your income and expenses.

Determine a Time Span for Your Budget

You can create your budget for a month, academic year (9 months), or calendar year. You may also want to consider creating a monthly budget for an academic term, such as your fall semester. Keep in mind that your income may vary from month to month, and not all your expenses will be the same each month. Larger expenses (such as car insurance and books) and seasonal expenses (such as a trip home at the holidays or a higher electricity bill in summer when the air conditioning is on) need to be incorporated into your budget.

Choose a Tool to Help You Manage Your Budget

To create a budget, you’ll want to use a tool for tracking your income and expenses. You can use pen and paper, a simple automated spreadsheet, or a budgeting app. Many banks offer budgeting tools as well so see what works best for you.

The Money Advice Service Budget Planner is a free interactive tool that can help you when creating your own budget.

Review Your Monthly Income

First, estimate how much money you will have coming in each month. Here are some tips for assessing your income:

  • Your income may come from sources such as your pay from work, financial contributions from family members, or financial aid (scholarships, work-study, and loans).
  • If you’re working while in school, review your records to determine how much your take-home pay is each month. If you earn most of your money over the summer, you may want to estimate your yearly income then divide it by 12.
  • Include income from any financial aid credit balance refunds—money that may be left over for other expenses after your financial aid is applied toward tuition and fees.

Identify and Categorize Your Expenses

To estimate your monthly expenses, you’ll want to start by recording everything you spend money on in a month. This may be a bit time-consuming but will be worthwhile in helping you understand where your money is going and how to better manage it. After that, gather your bank records and credit card statements that will show you other expenditures that may be automatically paid.

You’ll also need to estimate your college costs. In addition to tuition and fees (unless covered by financial aid), you’ll want to make sure to include books and supplies, and travel expenses. Find details on what’s included in the cost of college and tips on how to reduce college costs.

Once you’ve identified your expenses, you should group them into two categories—fixed expenses and variable expenses.

  • Fixed expenses stay about the same each month and include items such as rent or mortgage payments, car payments, and insurance. These obligations are generally nonnegotiable until you realize that you are spending too much money on rent and take steps to find a cheaper place! When creating a monthly budget, divide the amount due by the number of months the bill covers. For example, a yearly $1,200 insurance bill that’s paid in two $600 installments six months apart and divide it by 12 to know you need to set aside $100 per month.
  • Variable expenses are those that are flexible or controllable and can vary from month to month. Examples of variable expenses include groceries, clothing, eating out, and entertainment. You’ll want to examine these expenses to make sure they stay under control and don’t bust your budget at the end of the month.

Save for Emergencies

Include “Savings” as a fixed expense in your monthly budget. Pay yourself first every month! Your savings can be used as an emergency fund to help you deal with unexpected expenses. The ideal amount of an emergency fund typically covers three to six months of your expenses.

Balance Your Budget

Now that you’ve identified your sources of income and expenses, you’ll want to compare the two to balance your budget. To do so, you simply subtract your expenses from your income.

If you have a positive balance, then your income is greater than your expenses. In other words, you’re earning more money than you’re spending. If you have a positive balance, you shouldn’t start looking at new ways to spend your money. Instead, focus on putting the extra money toward your savings to cover your emergency fund or to support future goals such as buying a car. Also, if you have a positive balance but you’ve borrowed student loan funds, pay back some of your loans and consider borrowing less in the future.

If you have a negative balance, then you are spending more money than you have. You’ll want to balance your budget and make sure your expenses don’t exceed your income. Balancing your budget may include monitoring your variable expenses, reducing your expenses, and/or finding ways to increase your income. Spending less can be a lot easier than earning more. Consider eating out less frequently and making your own lunch. Use a shopping list when grocery shopping and buy only what you need. Ask yourself before buying anything, “Do I really need this?”

Maintain and Update Your Budget

Now that you’ve created your budget, you’ll want to make sure it remains a living document and you update it over time. Here are some smart practices to keep in mind:

  • Review your budget monthly. Regular review and maintenance of your budget will keep you on top of things and may help you avoid being blindsided by something unexpected.
  • Forgive yourself for small spending mistakes and get back on track. Most people overspend because they buy things on impulse. The next time you’re tempted to make an impulse buy, ask yourself the following questions:
    • What do I need this for?
    • Can I afford this item?
    • If I buy this item now will I still be happy that I bought it a month from now?
    • Do I need to save this money for a financial goal?
    • Will this item go on sale? Should I wait to buy it?
    • Does it matter if I buy brand-name or can I get by with generic?

If you take a moment to think about what you’re buying, you’re more likely to make a choice that fits your budgeting goals.

Credit Cards

Credit cards are invaluable resources you’ll probably use throughout your lifetime. Here are some smart practices to keep in mind:

  • Pay off your balance every month or at least more than the minimum payment.
  • Use the card for needs, not wants. Most people overspend because they buy things on impulse. The next time you’re tempted to make an impulse buy, ask yourself if you need the item.
  • Never skip a payment. Missing a payment on your credit cards will negatively impact your credit score.
  • If you do use your credit card use a rewards card. Most credit cards have a rewards program. Consider a card that offers a cash back reward and then use that reward to pay down your balance.
  • Important links.

Bar Prep Costs

The cost of Bar Prep is something you do not want hanging over your head. Plan for it now and avoid the stress of paying later.

Start saving now. Aim to save $500 a semester ($125 a month) . If you are working make sure you pay your savings account first before you pay any other bills. If you won’t be working while enrolled and are receiving financial aid, set aside $500 from your financial aid disbursement refund each semester.