Writing Samples, References & Transcripts
Writing Samples
Content
- Have a writing sample ready at the start of the application process. However, do not submit a writing sample as part of an application if one is not requested.
- Keep in mind that even if a writing sample is not requested as part of an initial application, the employer may still request one later (e.g., before or immediately after an interview).
- Legal writing is almost always preferable (e.g., memo, brief, etc.). Generally, the topic of a writing sample is less important than the quality of the writing and legal analysis presented.
- Only include a writing sample with your initial application if requested.
- Use a sample with minimal editing by others. If submitting an LRW memo or brief, it is fine to revise it using feedback from your professor.
- Do not submit a writing sample containing comments or edits.
- Make sure there are no grammatical errors, typos, and that your citations are correct.
Length
- Always follow the employer’s instructions regarding page limitations and spacing.
- If no page limitation is provided, we generally recommend a sample that is 5-10 pages. Either single- or double-spaced is acceptable, unless specified otherwise.
- If your original document is longer, it is acceptable to submit an excerpt, if the redacted version makes sense on its own.
Using Employer Work Product
- Obtain permission before submitting any writing you completed during a job or internship.
- Redact the writing sample to protect client confidentiality.
Cover Sheets
- Always include a cover sheet with your writing sample.
- Use the same header (with name and contact information) format and font as your resume.
- Clearly identify the document as your “Writing Sample” below the header.
- Provide brief context and background for the reader. Explain when you wrote the piece, for whom, and the purpose of the document. For class assignments, include the course name and a brief description of the assignment.
- If submitting an excerpt, explain what sections or information has been omitted. Let them know that the full document is available upon request.
- If using a document that was written for an employer, confirm that you have permission to do so and briefly describe any modifications or redactions made (e.g., that you have removed client names and other confidential information). You may replace confidential information with fictitious materials to maintain ease of reading the document.
References & Recommendation Letters
- A request for a reference is not the same as a request for a letter of recommendation.
- Only include references with your initial application if specifically requested.
- If no number is specified, we recommend providing 2-4 references.
- A mix of past employers (individual internship and pro bono supervisors) and law school professors who know you, your relevant skills, and work ethic is best.
- Before submitting, make sure your references are willing to serve as and provide a good reference.
- On your reference document, use the same header (with name and contact information) format and font as your resume.
- When listing references, provide your reference's name, title, organization, work address, email address, phone number, and relation to you (e.g., "Legal Research and Writing Professor," "Summer 2025 Internship Supervisor," etc.).
- Most employers do not require recommendation letters, except they are commonly requested for postgraduate fellowship, clerkship, and government honors positions.
- Reach out to potential recommenders with sufficient advance notice. Do not wait until the last minute to request a letter of recommendation. We recommended reaching out to your recommender(s) several weeks in advance of the deadline.
- We recommend providing your recommender(s) with your current resume, the job description, and clear submission instructions. Providing this information allows your recommender to craft a more personalized letter that highlights your qualifications for the position.
- Don't forget to thank your references/recommenders and keep in touch! Let them know where you ultimately land.
Transcripts
- Public interest organizations tend to focus less on grades, but some employers (e.g., judges, federal agencies, national nonprofits, and public interest firms) may still request transcripts.
- Request your transcript through the Registrar’s Office.
- Unofficial transcripts are typically acceptable unless the employer specifically asks for an official version.